This paper analyzes the present situation of spare parts configuration of space equipment, holds the main direction of spare parts’ configuration optimization, and forms a key strategy to promote the level of spare parts’ configuration. In this paper, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of spare parts configuration of space equipment are analyzed systematically by the SWOT analysis method, and on this basis, the SWOT analysis matrix is constructed, and four key strategies are studied to improve the status quo of spare parts configuration of space equipment and to improve the scientificity of spare parts configuration, i.e. the SO strategy to seize the opportunity and make full use of the strengths, the WO strategy to make use of the opportunity and overcome the weaknesses, take advantages and the ST strategy to deal with threats and the WT strategy to make up for shortages and deal with threats. This paper puts forward three practical problems that should be solved at present: the accuracy of requirement reporting, the scientificity of inventory configuration and the coordinated incentive mechanism, and defines the key points and the direction in order to carry out the research on the spare parts configuration of space equipment.