Focusing on the high cost and complexity of missile system design, this paper proposes a missile combat experiment framework based on simulation deduction. Firstly, the common functional requirement scenarios of missile combat experiment design service are listed, and the mathematical methods of missile combat experiment design are introduced. To build a flexible simulation framework of missile combat experiment, the simulation variables of missile combat experiment are analyzed and distilled according to the multiple performance indexes of a missile system. To simulate the environment and equipment characteristics in combat experiments, the usual types of models for missile combat experiments are collected, and the steps of how to develop new simulation models are put forward. With certain cases of missile combat experiments, the optimization methods and VV&A of experimental designs are constructed. Finally, the necessary running mechanisms for a simulation application such as setting an operational scenario, establishing a control mechanism and carrying out a result analysis are designed. With the work, a flexible simulation framework supporting missile combat experiments is presented, which could further conduct the missile combat experiment research based on simulation deduction.